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Deeper blue chess12/12/2023 ![]() ![]() So the earth-shattering moves may have been just a bug in the software. It is a project in - we play chess through sheer speed of calculation and we just shift through the possibilities and we just pick one line." It is not an artificial intelligence project in any way. Krauthammer quotes Joe Hoane, one of Deep Blue's programmers, answering the question "How much of your work was devoted specifically to artificial intelligence in emulating human thought?" Hoane’s answer: "No effort was devoted to. IBM’s programmers, in contrast, were more modest. Still, Google’s programmers have not dissuaded anyone from believing they are creating human-like machines and often promoted the idea (the only Google exception I know of is Peter Norvig, but he is neither a member of the Google Brain nor of the Google DeepMind teams, Google’s AI avant-garde). From where Lee sat, AlphaGo displayed what Go players might describe as intuition, the ability to play a beautiful game not just like a person but in a way no person could.ĪlphaGo used 1,920 Central Processing Units (CPU) and 280 Graphics Processing Units (GPU), according to The Economist, and possibly additional proprietary google Tensor Processing Units, for a lot of hardware power, plus brute force statistical analysis software (processing and analyzing lots and lots of data) known as Deep Neural Networks, or more popularly as Deep Learning. It was the moment AlphaGo proved it understands, or at least appears to mimic understanding in a way that is indistinguishable from the real thing. ![]() Move 37 showed that AlphaGo wasn’t just regurgitating years of programming or cranking through a brute-force predictive algorithm. In “ The AI Behind AlphaGo Can Teach Us About Being Human,” Metz reported on yet another earth-shattering artificial-intelligence-becoming-human-intelligence move: It played with - forgive me - nuance and subtlety.įast forward to March 2016, to Cade Metz writing in Wired on Go champion Lee Sedol’s loss to AlphaGo at the Google DeepMind Challenge Match. Machines are not supposed to play this way… To the amazement of all, not least Kasparov, in this game drained of tactics, Deep Blue won. Grandmaster observers said that had they not known who was playing they would have imagined that Kasparov was playing one of the great human players, maybe even himself. IBM’s goal is to accelerate human ability to create, learn, make decisions, and think, opening a new era in human-machine collaboration.What was new about Game Two… was that the machine played like a human. In the next five years, many important decisions, be they business or personal, will be made with the assistance of a cognitive system like Watson. IBM Watson is on track to be used in some form by a billion people by the end of 2017. The cognitive system has been applied to real-world challenges such as helping doctors diagnose patients, teachers to provide personalized curriculum to students, tax preparers to help clients file returns and oil and gas engineers to ensure compliance. ![]() The promise of AI lies in the combination of man and machine. Therefore, we must factor the abilities and limitations of both machines and humans to create combined systems that enable outcomes better than what either could achieve alone. The Deep Blue Team 1997: Chung-Jen Tan, Murray Campbell, Joe Hoane, Feng-Hsiung Hsu, and Jerry Brody. While Deep Blue did use machine learning approaches, it relied primarily on a programmed understanding of the game of chess – 64 squares, 32 pieces and well-defined moves and goals. Deep Blue used algorithms to explore up to 200 million possible chess positions per second, then chose the move with the highest likelihood of success. Over the last 20 years, IBM has worked to advance the field of AI. We too believe the promise of AI lies in its capacity to augment human abilities and intellect. Yet, Kasparov himself is now a self-described proponent of artificial intelligence (AI), recently calling it a boon to humankind, “capable of providing us with endless opportunities to extend our capabilities and improve our lives.” The match was cast as the ultimate example of man versus machine. The six-game match lasted several days and ended with two wins for IBM, one for the champion and three draws. On May 11, 1997, an IBM computer called Deep Blue defeated the reigning world chess champion, Garry Kasparov, capturing the attention and imagination of the world. ![]()
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